Dentition form
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Each tooth is basically made up of the tooth crown and one or several tooth roots. The dental neck is located at the transition between the tooth crown and root. Blood and lymph vessels as well as nerves pass through a small opening (foramen apicale) to the inside of the tooth.
Coronal means "at the tooth's crown", cervical means "at the dental neck" and radicular means "at the root". The dental area "at the root tip" is called apical.
A typical feature of incisors is the spade-like form of the crown, which lies flush with the horizontal cutting edge. The lower incisors are narrower and smaller than the upper incisors.
A characteristic of the canine tooth is the form of the cutting edges, which diagonally meet in the strong tip.
Premolars have a chewing surface for grinding food. The two premolars in the lower jaw as well as the second premolar in the upper jaw have one root, whereas the first premolar in the upper jaw usually has two roots.
The division point of two roots is known as bifurcation, the division point of three roots is known as trifurcation.
The molars are the largest teeth. Dental crowns usually consist of four cusps. One exception is the first molar in the lower jaw which usually has five cusps.
The molars in the upper jaw have three roots; the molars in the lower jaw have two roots.
The molars in both jaws usually have three root canals with various degrees of curvature.
