Causes of parodontal diseases
Gingivitis and parodontitis are inflammatory parodontal diseases. The primary cause is bacterial plaque, whose formation may be intensified by other factors (secondary causes).
- Local factors
- Plaque
- Caries
- Mouth breathing
- Reduced salivation,
- Dental malpositions as plaque retention sites,
- Overlapping crown rims as plaque retention sites,
- Errors in filling design as plaque retention sites,
- Anatomical characteristics complicating oral hygiene,
- Smoking
- Functional causes:
- Occlusional and articulation dysfunctions, which may lead to incorrect dental stress
- Internal factors
- Metabolic disorders, e.g., diabetes mellitus, allergies, smoking, malnutrition, blood diseases, diseases of the immune system, stress, hormonal changes.
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The defence of the immune system, which determines the extent and course of the inflammation, is decisive for its formation.
An inflammation is the body's defence reaction. Increased blood circulation serves to strengthen the local defence situation. If the immune system is unable to prevent the spreading of subgingival plaque, the junctional epithelium disappears first. This makes the sulcus permeable for bacteria. Gingivitis thus turns into parodontitis with loose and lost teeth during its further course.
